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Dental diagnoses explained: clear guidance in English

Why a thorough dental diagnosis is essential

Dental symptoms can be confusing—especially when pain comes and goes, or when something looks “minor” but keeps returning. This page provides an overview of common dental diagnoses, explained in clear English. It is meant to help you understand typical causes, what can be urgent, and what a structured evaluation looks like.

Important: This information is for orientation only and does not replace an individual examination.

What we mean by “diagnosis”

A dental diagnosis is not a guess—it is the result of a structured process: medical history, clinical examination, targeted tests (e.g., vitality testing, periodontal probing), and imaging when needed (X-rays and, in selected cases, 3D imaging/CBCT).

TMJ Pain and TMD

TMJ Pain and TMD

Assessment of jaw-joint and muscle symptoms with conservative functional treatment

Dental Anxiety

Dental Anxiety

Calm, understandable dental care for patients with dental anxiety

Sensitive Teeth

Sensitive Teeth

Sensitive teeth in Basel – identify the trigger and protect exposed dentine

Sleep Apnoea

Sleep Apnoea

Dental assessment for snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea within interdisciplinary sleep care

Missing Back Tooth

Missing Back Tooth

Replacing a missing premolar or molar – function, bite and treatment options

Wisdom Teeth

Wisdom Teeth

Wisdom teeth – assess eruption, inflammation and when removal is actually indicated

Missing Front Tooth

Missing Front Tooth

Single front-tooth loss – aesthetic, functional and tissue considerations

Peri-implantitis

Peri-implantitis

Inflammation around a dental implant – early diagnosis, biofilm control and maintenance

Gum Recession

Gum Recession

Receding gums – identify the cause, protect exposed roots and stabilise the tissues

Tooth Decay (Dental Caries)

Tooth Decay (Dental Caries)

How tooth decay develops – early diagnosis and tooth-preserving treatment

Root Canal System

Root Canal System

Inside the tooth: pulp, root canals, inflammation and tooth preservation

Periodontitis

Periodontitis

Gum inflammation and bone loss – diagnosis, treatment and long-term maintenance

Teeth Grinding (Bruxism)

Teeth Grinding (Bruxism)

Teeth grinding and clenching – recognise wear, protect teeth and assess contributing factors

Tooth Wear – Abrasion & Attrition

Tooth Wear – Abrasion & Attrition

Mechanical tooth wear – identify the cause, monitor progression and preserve tooth structure

Dental Erosion

Dental Erosion

Acid-related tooth wear – identify the source, prevent progression and restore only when needed

Complete Tooth Loss

Complete Tooth Loss

Loss of all teeth – changes in the jaw, dentures and implant-supported options

Cracked and Fractured Teeth

Cracked and Fractured Teeth

Cracks, chipped teeth and fractures – diagnosis, prognosis and tooth-preserving treatment

Why a thorough dental diagnosis is essential

What is a dental diagnosis?

A dental diagnosis identifies the underlying cause of a problem in the mouth and jaw—such as tooth decay, inflammation, or gum disease—and forms the basis for appropriate treatment.

Why is an accurate diagnosis important before treatment?


Only when the cause, extent, and prognosis are clear can we decide whether tooth preservation is the best option or whether another approach is likely to deliver better long-term results.

What are common causes of tooth pain?


Tooth pain can result from decay, root inflammation, cracks in a tooth, gum inflammation, or overload from grinding or biting forces. Similar symptoms can have very different causes.

Can an inflamed tooth be saved?


Often, yes. Whether a tooth can be preserved depends on the diagnosis, the extent of the inflammation, and the long-term prognosis. The goal is always to preserve the tooth—when it is medically sensible.

When is a second opinion useful?


A second opinion can be helpful when there are several treatment options or when more extensive treatment is being planned.

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